Habilidades comunicativas para la atención de personas con demencia: una revisión de alcance sobre intervenciones formativas basadas en simulación clínica
Contenido principal del artículo
Keywords
Simulación clínica, Comunicación, Demencia, Competencias interprofesionales
Resumen
Introducción: La comunicación clínica con personas con demencia implica desafíos complejos, derivados de la progresión del trastorno cognitivo-comu- nicativo. La simulación clínica se ha propuesto como una estrategia formativa efectiva para entrenar habilidades comunicativas en contextos asistenciales, aunque su implementación aún carece de estandarización. El objetivo de esta revisión fue sintetizar la evidencia disponible sobre intervenciones educativas basadas en simulación clínica dirigidas a entrenar habilidades comunicativas en estudiantes y profesionales de la salud que atienden a personas con demencia. Material o Pacientes y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de alcance en las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SciELO y Google Scholar. Se seleccionaron estudios publicados entre 2012 y 2024, en inglés o español, que describieran intervenciones de simulación clínica orientadas a la comunicación con personas con demencia. Tras la depuración de registros, se efectuó un análisis descriptivo y temático de los efectos reportados. Resultados: Se identificaron 12 estudios, realizados mayoritariamente en contextos universitarios con estudiantes de enfermería. Las simulaciones incluyeron pacientes estandarizados, experiencias sensoriales, escenarios estructurados y modelos híbridos. Se reportaron mejoras en autoeficacia comunicativa, actitudes empáticas y habilidades observables. Sin embargo, se evidenció escasa utilización de marcos teóricos, limitada evaluación longitudinal y poca adaptación a los distintos perfiles comunicativos de las personas con demencia. Conclusión: La simulación clínica potencia la empatía y las habilidades comunicativas esenciales en la atención a personas con demencia. Su impacto se fortalece cuando se basa en competencias definidas, evaluaciones validadas y debriefings estructurados.
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