Comparison of ventilatory thresholds and cardiorespiratory parameters between adult men with lower thoracic paraplegia and individuals without spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional observational study
Main Article Content
Keywords
Spinal cord injury, Paraplegia, Ventilatory thresholds, Oxygen consumption, Heart rate, Exercise
Abstract
Introducción: Las personas con lesión medular (LM) presentan alteraciones sensitivas, motoras y autonómicas que influyen en la respuesta cardiovascular y respiratoria durante el ejercicio. En este contexto, el objetivo del presente estudio fue comparar el primer y segundo umbral ventilatorio (VT1 y VT2), el consumo de oxígeno pico (VO2 pico) y la frecuencia cardiaca pico (FCpico) entre hombres adultos con paraplejía dorsal baja y sin lesión medular (LM). Material o Pacientes y Métodos: Estudio comparativo observacional transversal, n = 8 varones adultos con paraplejía dorsal baja (nivel neurològico T6-T12, ASIA A) (grupo PARA) y n = 19 varones adultos sin LM (grupo CON). Se llevó a cabo un test incremental máximal en un cicloergómetro de miembros superiores, empleando un ergoespirómetro MetaMax®3B y un transmisor cardíaco Polar H7. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con SPSS 17.0, aplicándose la prueba no paramétrica U de Mann-Whitney para la comparación de los grupos. Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en VT1 (U = 32, p = 0,019) y VT2 (U = 18,5, p = 0,002) a favor del grupo CON. En contraste, no se observaron diferencias en VO2 pico (PARA = 2,7ml/kg/min vs. CON = 3,0ml/kg/min; p = 0,200) ni en FCpico (PARA =’186 lpm vs. CONg =“173 lpm; p = 0,099). Conclusión: Este estudio reveló diferencias significativas en los umbrales ventilatorios entre varones con paraplejía torácica baja y sin LM, lo que sugiere variaciones en la eficiencia y capacidad de ejercicio submáximo. Sin embargo, no se registraron diferencias notables en VO2 pico ni en FC pico. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la importancia de los umbrales ventilatorios como herramienta para la evaluación y prescripción de ejercicio en individuos con LM.
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